How to make your own rosemary oil for hair (step-by-step)

Last updated 2026-07-09

Does homemade rosemary oil actually work for hair growth?

The evidence is real. It's also thinner than the internet makes it sound.

A 2015 randomized controlled trial published in SKINmed compared rosemary leaf extract oil to 2% minoxidil in 100 patients with androgenetic alopecia over six months. At the six-month mark, both groups showed statistically similar increases in hair count, and the rosemary group had significantly less scalp itching ^[1]. That's a genuine finding, not a wellness blog claim.

A separate 2023 study in PLOS ONE looked at rosemary's effect on dermal papilla cells, the cells that drive hair follicle cycling, and found that carnosic acid, one of rosemary's active compounds, stimulated nerve growth factor in those cells ^[2]. Nobody has good data yet on whether a homemade infusion delivers enough carnosic acid to match those lab concentrations. The closest proxy is the 2015 trial, which used a standardized commercial extract. Your kitchen batch may run more dilute. That's the honest read.

Here's what that means for you. Homemade rosemary oil is a low-risk, low-cost thing to try, especially if you're dealing with traction alopecia or stress-related thinning. It is not a cure. The American Academy of Dermatology does not list rosemary oil as a clinically proven treatment for hair loss, and anyone with significant alopecia should see a board-certified dermatologist ^[3]. As a scalp-stimulating addition to your routine, though, the science behind it holds up better than most herbal remedies.

What ingredients do you need to make rosemary oil for hair?

The list is short.

Rosemary: Use fresh rosemary sprigs or dried rosemary. Dried is actually the safer pick for oil infusions, because moisture from fresh herbs can seed bacteria or mold in the oil over time. If you go with fresh rosemary, wilt it first: spread the sprigs on a clean towel for 24-48 hours until the surface moisture is gone. Either way, the goal is the same. You want the fat-soluble compounds, mainly carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid, to move into the carrier oil ^[11].

Carrier oil: This is where your choice matters more than most articles admit. Common options:

Carrier Oil	Comedogenic Rating (0-5)	Key Benefit for Edges	Notes
Jojoba oil	2	Mimics scalp sebum, lightweight	Technically a liquid wax, very shelf-stable
Olive oil	2	Rich in squalene and oleic acid	Heavier feel, good for dry scalps
Avocado oil	3	High in fatty acids, penetrates the shaft	Heavier, better for thick hair
Argan oil	0	Lightweight, non-greasy	Good for fine or low-porosity hair
Castor oil	1	Thicker, traditional edge oil	Often blended with lighter oils

I'd pick jojoba for most people with textured hair and thinning edges. It's the closest match to the scalp's own oil, it stays shelf-stable without refrigeration, and it doesn't go rancid fast. Want that traditional edge-nourishing feel? Blend two parts jojoba with one part castor oil.

Ratio: About 1 ounce of dried rosemary (or 2 ounces of fresh, wilted rosemary) per 1 cup (8 ounces) of carrier oil is a solid starting point. You can push to a 1:4 ratio by weight for a stronger result.

Equipment: A clean glass jar with a lid, a small saucepan or slow cooker, a fine mesh strainer or cheesecloth, and a dark glass bottle for storage. Amber or cobalt glass matters here, because UV light breaks down both rosemary's active compounds and the carrier oil.

How to make rosemary oil for hair: the fast heat infusion method

This is the method for when you want usable oil today. Active time runs about 30 minutes.

What you need:

• 1 cup jojoba oil (or your chosen carrier)
• 1 oz dried rosemary (about 4-5 tablespoons) or 2 oz fresh, wilted rosemary
• Small saucepan or double boiler
• Thermometer (a candy or instant-read thermometer works)
• Fine mesh strainer or cheesecloth
• Clean amber glass jar or bottle

Step 1: Combine oil and rosemary in the saucepan. Put both in cold, together. Never heat the oil first and then drop the herb in.

Step 2: Warm on the lowest heat setting. Target 100-120°F (38-49°C). That's warm to the touch, not simmering. Bubbles or sizzling mean it's too hot. High heat destroys the heat-sensitive compounds you're trying to capture and scorches the plant material, leaving the oil bitter and weaker. A double boiler gives you more control than direct heat.

Step 3: Hold that temperature for 20-30 minutes. Stir gently every few minutes. The oil turns a faint golden-green and picks up a strong herbal smell. Both are good signs.

Step 4: Pull it off the heat and let it cool. About 10 minutes.

Step 5: Strain thoroughly. Pour through a fine mesh strainer lined with cheesecloth into your storage bottle. Squeeze the cheesecloth to get every drop. Leftover plant bits shorten the oil's shelf life.

Step 6: Label and store. Date the bottle. Keep it somewhere cool and dark, or in the fridge. Heat-infused jojoba oils typically last 6-12 months. Olive oil versions are best used within 3-6 months.

The heat method is faster, and the tradeoff is real. Sustained heat, even low heat, degrades some of rosemary's volatile aromatic compounds. The oil still works well for scalp massage, but the cold method below keeps a wider range of plant compounds intact.

Rosemary oil group	52
2% Minoxidil group	57

Source: Panahi et al., SKINmed, 2015

How to make homemade rosemary oil for hair: the cold infusion method

This one takes patience. Two to four weeks, minimum. It's the method herbalists have used for centuries, and it's genuinely gentler on the plant's chemistry.

Step 1: Prepare your rosemary. Dried is strongly preferred here. A sealed jar sitting at room temperature for weeks is the exact setup where moisture from fresh herbs causes trouble. If you're set on fresh rosemary, wilt it for 48 hours first. The sprigs should feel dry on the surface before they go in the jar.

Step 2: Fill a clean glass jar about halfway with the herb. Don't pack it so tight that oil can't circulate.

Step 3: Pour carrier oil over the rosemary until the herb is fully submerged with at least an inch of oil above it. Submerging is the whole game. Any herb poking above the oil line is a mold risk.

Step 4: Seal the jar and shake it. Thirty seconds of shaking pushes out air bubbles and gets oil against every surface.

Step 5: Set it in a warm, sunny windowsill or another warm spot. A windowsill that catches a few hours of sun speeds the infusion compared to a dark cupboard. The mild warmth does slowly and steadily what a stove does fast.

Step 6: Shake the jar once a day for the first week, every other day after that. Watch for mold: cloudiness near the top, off smells, or visible growth. See any of those and toss the batch.

Step 7: After 2-4 weeks, strain and bottle the same way as the heat method. Cold-infused oil often has a deeper color and a more complex scent than the heat-infused version.

Shelf life for cold-infused rosemary oil tracks with your carrier: jojoba-based batches last up to a year, olive oil-based batches closer to 6 months. Refrigeration always extends that.

How to make rosemary oil from fresh rosemary specifically

Fresh rosemary smells better and sits on every grocery store shelf. The wilting step is not optional.

Here's the process built around fresh herbs:

Wilting: Lay fresh rosemary sprigs in a single layer on a clean dry towel or paper towels. Leave them at room temperature, out of direct sunlight, for 24-48 hours. They're ready when the needles feel dry and slightly papery but stay green. Don't rush it with an oven or microwave. Low heat is fine in the later infusion step, but you're not trying to make the herb bone-dry, just surface-dry.

Moisture check before you commit: After wilting, drop a handful of sprigs in a dry glass jar, seal it, and wait an hour. Condensation on the inside of the glass means they need more time.

Adjust your ratio: Fresh rosemary holds more water than dried, even after wilting. Use about twice the volume. So for 1 cup of carrier oil, that's roughly 2 oz of fresh wilted rosemary versus 1 oz dried.

Heat method is safer with fresh: For the cold infusion with fresh rosemary, the mold risk over 2-4 weeks is real even after wilting. The heat method, 20-30 minutes at 100-120°F, is the lower-risk choice with fresh herbs, because the mild heat itself holds back microbial growth.

Grocery-store fresh rosemary and garden fresh rosemary both work. Garden rosemary grown in full sun can smell more fragrant, but for the compounds that matter to your scalp, the difference isn't big enough to chase down specialty sources.

How do you use homemade rosemary oil on thinning edges?

Making the oil is the easy part. Using it consistently decides whether you see anything.

For edges, less is more. That area is delicate, often already stressed, and heavy oil can leave buildup that clogs follicles over time. Start with 3-5 drops of your finished rosemary oil.

Application method: 1. Part your hair to expose the edge area cleanly. 2. Put 3-5 drops on your fingertip or a small cotton swab. 3. Massage gently into the scalp in small circles for 2-3 minutes. The massage itself matters. A 2016 study in Eplasty found 4 minutes of daily scalp massage over 24 weeks increased hair thickness in participants ^[4]. The mechanical stimulation, more than the oil, is doing work. 4. Leave it in. Rosemary oil doesn't need to be rinsed off. 5. Apply 3-4 times per week at minimum. Daily is fine if your hair and scalp tolerate it.

Managing traction alopecia alongside thinning edges? Reduce tension first. No oil regrows hair that's being actively pulled out. The traction alopecia page breaks down how to fix the root cause. Rosemary oil supports the scalp environment once you've pulled the damage away.

For postpartum hair loss, which often shows up hard at the edges, rosemary oil slots neatly into a scalp routine. But hormonal shedding usually resolves on its own within 6-12 months postpartum ^[5]. The oil won't speed hormonal recovery. It may support the follicles that stay active.

You can also mix your homemade rosemary oil into a conditioner or run it as a hot oil treatment before washing. Keep the scalp application focused and the amounts small.

What's the difference between rosemary oil and rosemary essential oil for hair?

This is the most common mix-up in the whole topic, and it changes how you use each product.

What you're making in this article is a rosemary-infused oil: carrier oil that has picked up rosemary's compounds through heat or time. It's gentle enough to put straight on your scalp undiluted, because the active compounds are already spread thin in the carrier.

Rosemary essential oil is a different animal. It's made by steam-distilling rosemary plant material, and it's basically a concentrate of volatile aromatic compounds. Very strong. Applying it undiluted to your scalp can cause contact dermatitis, irritation, and in rare cases an allergic reaction ^[6]. Always dilute it in a carrier oil first, usually to 1-2%. That's about 6-12 drops of essential oil per ounce of carrier.

The 2015 SKINmed trial that matched 2% minoxidil used a rosemary leaf extract, which sits closer to the essential oil end of the spectrum than to a simple infused oil ^[1]. So if you're chasing that trial's result, a diluted rosemary essential oil (2% in jojoba, say) is probably a tighter match than a basic kitchen infusion. Both have their place. They're just different tools.

Want to boost your homemade infusion? Add 6-8 drops of rosemary essential oil per ounce of finished infused oil. You get the base carrier infusion plus an extra hit of active compounds. Don't push past 2% essential oil concentration for scalp use.

How long does homemade rosemary oil last, and how should you store it?

Shelf life comes down to the carrier oil you chose and how you store it.

Jojoba is the most shelf-stable common carrier, because it's technically a liquid wax and shrugs off oxidation. Jojoba-based rosemary infusions kept cool and dark typically last 12 months. In the fridge, potentially longer.

Olive oil infusions are best used within 3-6 months at room temperature. You'll know it's rancid when it smells musty, sour, or like crayons.

Avocado and argan oils land in the middle, roughly 6-9 months at room temperature.

Storage rules that actually change the outcome:

• Dark glass container. Amber or cobalt. Clear glass lets in UV light that degrades the oil and knocks months off the shelf life.
• Cool, dark spot. A bathroom shelf next to a hot shower is a bad home for it. A cabinet or a dresser drawer in a cool room is better. The fridge is best.
• No wet fingers in the jar. Water contamination shortens shelf life fast. Use a dropper or pour from the bottle.
• Date the bottle. Sounds obvious. Most people skip it.

Spot any cloudiness (in oils other than coconut, which naturally solidifies), off smells, or a film on the surface? Toss it. Rancid oil on your scalp won't do serious harm, but it will irritate the skin and it smells terrible.

Can rosemary oil irritate your scalp or cause any side effects?

It can, and you want to know the signs before you rub it into your edges.

The most common issue is contact dermatitis, an allergic or irritant skin reaction. Redness, itching, burning, or small bumps at the application site. More likely with high concentrations of rosemary essential oil than with a diluted infused oil, but either can trigger it.

The National Institutes of Health's National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health notes that rosemary is generally safe for topical use in food amounts, but that concentrated preparations on skin may cause allergic reactions in some people ^[6].

Patch test before your first full application. Put a small amount on the inside of your wrist or behind your ear, wait 24 hours, and check for a reaction before you go anywhere near your scalp.

People with epilepsy or seizure disorders should be careful. Inhaling large amounts of rosemary essential oil has been reported to trigger seizures in susceptible people, though that's mostly a concern with aromatherapy diffusion, not topical hair use ^[6].

Rosemary is also not recommended for pregnant women in concentrated forms, since some of its compounds have historically been linked to uterine contractions. Culinary amounts in food are fine. A full scalp treatment is a different dose.

For the edge and hairline specifically, use the smallest amount that covers the area. The skin there is thinner and quicker to react than the top of the scalp, so build tolerance slowly if you're new to it.

What carrier oil should you choose for edges specifically?

Carrier choice matters more for edges than for the rest of the scalp, because the edge area is usually the most fragile, most manipulated, and most product-saturated part of your hair.

For most women with thin or breaking edges, I'd default to jojoba. It's lightweight, absorbs fairly fast, and doesn't leave heavy residue that traps styling product. Its molecular structure is closer to scalp sebum than any other common carrier, so your scalp doesn't have to work as hard to process it.

If your edges run very dry and the surrounding skin flakes, avocado oil is a good step up. Heavier, yes, but rich in oleic acid, and it sinks into the hair shaft instead of just coating it.

Castor oil is a favorite for edges with a long history in natural hair care. It's thick, which some people love and some find too much. Blend it 1:2 with jojoba and you get the nourishing feel without the weight. Straight castor oil can be hard to wash out and may build up if you're not clarifying regularly.

Want styling hold along with your treatment oil? Some edge-specific products pair carrier oils with light hold ingredients. The edge control guide covers what to look for in those formulas and what to skip if you're protecting a recovering hairline.

Edge Naturale's natural hair growth products include several options with rosemary and other scalp-supporting botanicals if you'd rather have something pre-formulated alongside your DIY oil.

How often should you apply rosemary oil to see results for hair growth?

The 2015 clinical trial that drives most of the hype used twice-daily application over six months ^[1]. That's the closest thing we have to a tested protocol. Most people won't apply anything twice a day for six months, and that's fine. The real-world floor is about 3-4 times per week, consistently.

Consistently is the word that carries the sentence. Sporadic use every couple of weeks does close to nothing. The follicle cycle for visible growth from an active follicle runs roughly 3-6 months before you'd notice meaningful length or density change. You're committing to a routine before you have proof it works.

A practical approach:

• Apply your homemade rosemary oil 3-4 evenings a week to your scalp and edge area.
• Massage for 2-3 minutes each time. The massage isn't optional ceremony. It's part of the mechanism ^[4].
• Photograph your edges in the same lighting every 4 weeks. Memory is unreliable for subtle change. Photos aren't.
• Reassess at 3 months. Noticeable improvement in edge density by then is a fair reason to keep going. No change at 6 months with consistent use is a reason to see a dermatologist.

Also dealing with hair breakage at the hairline (which looks like thinning but is actually snapping, not follicle loss)? Rosemary oil doesn't address breakage directly. You'd need protein treatments and moisture work on top of scalp oil. Edges hair care involves both the follicle and the strand.

What does the research actually say about rosemary oil and hair regrowth?

Let's be precise about what the evidence says and doesn't say, because this topic gets oversold constantly.

What the evidence supports:

The 2015 SKINmed randomized controlled trial by Panahi et al. is the anchor study. It enrolled 100 patients with androgenetic alopecia, split evenly between rosemary oil and 2% minoxidil. At six months, hair count rose significantly in both groups, with no statistically significant difference between them, and the rosemary group had less scalp itching ^[1]. Real finding. The sample size is small by pharmaceutical standards, but it's the best comparative data we have.

The 2023 PLOS ONE study named carnosic acid as a likely active compound, showing it stimulated nerve growth factor expression in isolated dermal papilla cells ^[2]. This is mechanistic lab work, not a clinical trial, but it hands the 2015 findings a plausible molecular explanation.

A 2019 review in the journal Antioxidants examined multiple plant-derived compounds for hair and scalp, and flagged rosmarinic acid, found in rosemary, as one of the better-supported options for anti-inflammatory scalp effects, noting it inhibits 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme tied to androgenetic hair loss ^[7]. NIH MedlinePlus confirms that 5-alpha reductase activity drives follicle miniaturization in androgenetic alopecia, which is why inhibiting it is a documented treatment mechanism ^[8].

What the evidence does not support:

Nobody has shown that a kitchen-made rosemary infusion delivers the same compound concentrations as the standardized extract used in trials. Nobody has run a trial specifically on traction alopecia or postpartum shedding. The American Academy of Dermatology's patient guidance does not list rosemary oil as a proven treatment ^[3].

The honest position: rosemary oil is one of the better-evidenced plant-based options for scalp health, and the risk of trying it is very low. It is not a substitute for medical evaluation if your hair loss is significant, progressive, or has a known medical cause.

For a fuller breakdown of rosemary oil for hair growth, including the clinical evidence, dosing, and comparisons to other natural approaches, that guide goes deeper on the research. If you're also weighing other plant-based options, essential oils for natural hair growth covers peppermint, lavender, and others with comparable evidence.

Frequently asked questions

Can I use fresh rosemary instead of dried to make rosemary oil for hair?

Yes, but wilt the fresh rosemary first. Spread the sprigs on a clean dry towel for 24-48 hours until the surface moisture is gone. Fresh rosemary holds water that can breed mold or bacteria in a sealed oil jar. Once wilted, use roughly twice the volume of fresh compared to dried, and pick the heat infusion method over cold infusion to cut the mold risk.

How long does it take to make rosemary oil at home?

The heat infusion method takes about 30 minutes of active time plus cooling, and you can use the oil that same day. The cold infusion method takes 2-4 weeks but involves almost no work: fill a jar, seal it, shake it daily, and strain at the end. Starting from fresh rosemary? Add 24-48 hours of wilting time before either method.

What carrier oil is best for homemade rosemary oil for edges?

Jojoba oil is the best default for most people with textured hair and thinning edges. It's lightweight, closely mimics scalp sebum, resists rancidity, and doesn't leave heavy residue. For dry or flaky scalps, avocado oil is a richer choice. Castor oil adds thickness and is traditional for edges but works best blended 1:2 with a lighter oil to avoid buildup.

How do you use rosemary oil on thinning edges?

Apply 3-5 drops of rosemary oil directly to the scalp at the edge area, then massage in small circles for 2-3 minutes. Leave it in without rinsing. Use 3-4 times per week at minimum. The massage itself matters: a 2016 Eplasty study found 4 minutes of daily scalp massage increased hair thickness over 24 weeks. Start with a small amount and build up as your scalp tolerates it.

Is homemade rosemary oil the same as rosemary essential oil?

No. Homemade rosemary-infused oil is a carrier oil that has absorbed some of rosemary's compounds through heat or time, and it's gentle enough for direct scalp use. Rosemary essential oil is a concentrated steam distillate that must be diluted to 1-2% in a carrier before you put it on skin. Undiluted essential oil on your scalp can cause irritation or contact dermatitis.

How long does homemade rosemary oil last before it goes bad?

Shelf life depends on your carrier oil. Jojoba-based rosemary oil lasts up to 12 months in a cool, dark place. Olive oil versions are best used within 3-6 months. Store it in a dark glass bottle, keep it away from heat and light, keep water out of the bottle, and refrigerate to extend shelf life. Rancid oil smells musty or sour and should be discarded.

Does rosemary oil actually regrow hair, or is that a social media myth?

There's real but limited evidence. A 2015 randomized controlled trial in SKINmed found rosemary oil comparable to 2% minoxidil for hair count in androgenetic alopecia patients over six months. Lab research also shows rosemary's carnosic acid stimulates follicle-related cells. What's uncertain is whether a kitchen-made infusion delivers the same compound concentrations as tested preparations. It's a credible option, not a proven cure.

Can rosemary oil irritate my scalp?

It can, especially at higher concentrations. The most common reactions are itching, redness, or small bumps at the application site. Patch test on your inner wrist before your first scalp use: apply a small amount, wait 24 hours, and check for a reaction. Concentrated rosemary essential oil is far more likely to irritate than a diluted infused oil. People with epilepsy or who are pregnant should use extra caution with concentrated preparations.

How much rosemary should I use per cup of carrier oil?

A standard starting ratio is 1 ounce of dried rosemary per 1 cup (8 ounces) of carrier oil. For fresh wilted rosemary, use about 2 ounces per cup, since the volume is higher but the effective herb concentration is similar. You can go to a 1:4 ratio by weight for a stronger infusion, which may be closer to what the clinical studies used.

Can I add rosemary essential oil to my homemade infused oil to make it stronger?

Yes. Adding 6-8 drops of rosemary essential oil per ounce of finished infused oil brings the concentration to roughly 1-2%, the safe upper limit for scalp use and closer to the concentrations studied in clinical trials. Don't exceed 2%. This combination gives you both the broader plant compound profile from the infusion and the higher potency of the essential oil.

How soon will I see results from using rosemary oil on my edges?

The 2015 clinical trial saw significant results at six months with twice-daily use. At a realistic 3-4 times per week, expect to wait at least 3 months before you judge results. Take photos in consistent lighting every 4 weeks, because subtle density changes are easy to miss in memory. No improvement at 6 months with consistent use? A board-certified dermatologist can check whether an underlying condition needs treatment.

Is it safe to use rosemary oil every day on my hair?

Daily use of a properly diluted rosemary-infused oil is generally safe for most people with no known rosemary sensitivity. The main risk with daily use is product buildup, especially if your carrier oil is heavy or you're also using styling products. Clarify your scalp every 1-2 weeks to prevent buildup. Notice any irritation and cut the frequency. Patch test before you start daily application.

Should I make rosemary oil or just buy a pre-made version?

Both are valid. Homemade is cheaper and you control the ingredients, but the compound concentration is less predictable than standardized commercial preparations. Pre-made rosemary oils, especially those using standardized rosemary extract rather than a basic infusion, may run closer to what the clinical studies tested. If you enjoy DIY and want to know exactly what's on your scalp, making your own is a reasonable place to start.

Can I use rosemary oil if I have traction alopecia?

Rosemary oil may support the scalp environment once you've removed the source of tension, but it won't regrow hair that's still being actively pulled. The American Academy of Dermatology's guidance on traction alopecia prioritizes eliminating tight styles first. Scalp oils and massage can then support follicle recovery, but there's no evidence that any topical oil overrides ongoing mechanical damage to follicles.

Sources

1. Panahi Y et al., SKINmed Journal, 2015. Rosemary oil vs. minoxidil 2% for treatment of androgenetic alopecia.: Randomized controlled trial found rosemary oil statistically comparable to 2% minoxidil for hair count at six months with significantly less scalp itching in the rosemary group.
2. PLOS ONE, 2023. Rosemary extract and carnosic acid promote hair growth.: Carnosic acid in rosemary was found to stimulate nerve growth factor expression in dermal papilla cells, the cells that drive hair follicle cycling.
3. American Academy of Dermatology, Hair Loss patient guidance: The AAD does not list rosemary oil as a clinically proven treatment for hair loss and recommends board-certified dermatologist evaluation for significant hair loss.
4. Koyama T et al., Eplasty, 2016. Standardized scalp massage results in increased hair thickness.: 4 minutes of daily scalp massage over 24 weeks increased standardized hair thickness in participants, demonstrating that mechanical stimulation independently supports hair growth.
5. NIH MedlinePlus, Hair loss / telogen effluvium overview: Hormonal hair shedding after childbirth typically resolves on its own within 6-12 months postpartum as follicle cycling normalizes.
6. NIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, herbs and topical safety guidance: Rosemary is generally considered safe topically in food amounts, but concentrated preparations on skin may cause allergic reactions, and essential oil inhalation may pose seizure risk in susceptible people.
7. Forni C et al., Antioxidants, 2019. Beneficial role of phytochemicals on oxidative stress and hair growth.: Rosmarinic acid from rosemary was identified as a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor with anti-inflammatory scalp effects, supporting its use in androgenetic hair loss contexts.
8. NIH MedlinePlus Genetics, Androgenetic Alopecia overview: Androgenetic alopecia involves follicle miniaturization driven partly by 5-alpha reductase activity; inhibiting this enzyme is a documented mechanism for hair loss treatment.
9. Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacological effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 2020.: Review confirms rosemary's primary bioactive compounds include carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid, all fat-soluble and extractable into carrier oils through infusion.